Cervical Cancer Awareness

One of the most preventable cancers. Learn about HPV vaccination, screening, and early detection.

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What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Virtually all cervical cancer cases (over 99%) are linked to infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, often during sexual activity.

The most important thing to know: Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. It develops slowly over many years, providing a crucial window of opportunity to detect and treat pre-cancerous changes before they turn into cancer.

Know Your Risk

Understanding your risk factors is the first step in prevention.

You may have a higher risk if you:

  • Have HPV: This is the primary risk factor.
  • Smoke: Tobacco use makes it harder for your body to clear an HPV infection and can accelerate the development of cancer.
  • Have a weakened immune system: Such as from HIV or immunosuppressant medications.
  • Use oral contraceptives for a long time: Long-term use (5+ years) may be associated with increased risk.
  • Have given birth to multiple children.
  • Are not screened regularly: Lack of regular pap or HPV tests is a major risk factor, as pre-cancers go undetected.

Reduce Your Risk / Take Action

You have the power to dramatically reduce your risk of cervical cancer.

1

Get Vaccinated

The HPV vaccine is your primary defense. It is highly effective at preventing infection from the HPV types that cause most cervical cancers.

Who should get it? It is recommended for both girls and boys, typically between ages 9 and 15, but can be administered up to age 45. Vaccinating children before they become sexually active provides the best protection.

2

Get Screened Regularly

Screening finds pre-cancerous cell changes so they can be treated before they become cancer. It is lifesaving.

Pap Test (or Pap Smear) checks for cell changes (pre-cancers) on your cervix.

HPV Test checks for the presence of the high-risk HPV virus that can cause these cell changes.

Recommendation: Start screening at age 25. Your doctor will advise how often to repeat testing (e.g., every 3-5 years) based on your age and test results.

3

Talk to Your Doctor

Have open conversations with your healthcare provider about:

  • Your sexual health history
  • HPV vaccine for you or your children
  • Creating a personalized screening schedule
  • Any symptoms or concerns you may have

Signs and Symptoms

In its early stages, cervical cancer often has no symptoms. This is why regular screening is so critical.

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Unusual Bleeding

After sex, between periods, or after menopause.

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Unusual Discharge

Watery, bloody, or with a foul odor.

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Pelvic Pain

Pain during sex or persistent pain not related to your menstrual cycle.

Important: These symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than cancer. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a doctor immediately to determine the cause.

Treatment Options

If cervical cancer is diagnosed, the treatment plan depends on the stage (how far the cancer has spread). A team of doctors will work with you to determine the best approach.

For Pre-Cancerous Cells (Not yet cancer):

  • LEEP/LLETZ: A wire loop removes abnormal tissue
  • Cryotherapy: Freezes and destroys abnormal cells
  • Cone Biopsy: Removes a cone-shaped piece of tissue containing abnormal cells

These procedures are highly effective at preventing cancer.

For Invasive Cervical Cancer:

  • Surgery: To remove cancerous tissue. This can range from removing only the cancerous area to a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and cervix).
  • Radiation Therapy: Utilizes high-energy beams to target cancer cells. Often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.
  • Chemotherapy: Utilizes drugs to target cancer cells throughout the body.
  • Immunotherapy: A new treatment that helps your immune system recognize and fight cancer cells.

A future Free of Cervical Cancer is Within Reach.

Cervical cancer is not a fate; it is a preventable disease. By combining the power of vaccination, regular screening, and prompt medical care, we can protect ourselves and our loved ones.

Your health is in your hands. Get vaccinated. Get screened. Speak up.